Advanced computational human body models (HBM) enabling enhanced safety require
verification and validation at different levels or scales. Specifically, the motion segments …

Computational models of the human neck have been developed to assess human response
in impact scenarios; however, the assessment and validation of such models is often limited …

Numerical finite element (FE) models of the neck have been developed to simulate occupant
response and predict injury during motor vehicle collisions. However, there is a paucity of …

Mathematical cervical spine models allow for studying of impact loading that can cause
whiplash associated disorders (WAD). However, existing models only cover the male …

The effects of degeneration and surgery on cervical spine mechanics are commonly
evaluated through in vitro testing and finite element models derived from these tests. The …

Background As the work load has been shifting from heavy manufacturing to office work,
neck disorders are increasing. However, most of the current cervical spine biomechanical …

Computational musculoskeletal models have been developed to predict mechanical joint
loads on the human spine, such as the forces and moments applied to vertebral and facet …

There is an increased need to develop female-specific injury criteria and anthropomorphic
test devices (dummies) for military and automotive environments, especially as women take …

Current understanding of the biomechanics of cervical spine injuries in head-first impact is
based on decades of epidemiology, mathematical models, and in vitro experimental studies …

In vitro testing has been conducted to provide a comprehensive understanding of the
biomechanics of the cervical spine. This has allowed a characterization of the stability of the …