Purpose While the estrogen receptor (ER) is the single most widely used biomarker to
evaluate breast cancer outcomes, aspects of ER marker biology remain poorly understood …

Introduction The association of breast cancer patients' mortality with estrogen receptor (ER)
status (ER+ versus ER-) has been well studied. However, little attention has been paid to the …

Purpose Beginning in 2018, biomarkers including estrogen receptor (ER) status were
incorporated in the 8th AJCC staging system. ER expression levels were not considered in …

Background Molecular markers have transformed our understanding of the heterogeneity of
breast cancer and have allowed the identification of genomic profiles of estrogen receptor …

Background. Researchers question whether estrogen receptorα-negative (ERN) and-
positive (ERP) represent different stages of one disease or different breast cancer types …

The value of estrogen receptor (ER) measurements for predicting recurrence and survival
rates in primary breast cancer was examined in 121 women who were followed from 5 to 12 …

The estrogen receptor (ER) is a regulator of cellular growth, proliferation, and differentiation.
In addition to having prognostic value, ER is the most important biologic marker of …

Introduction Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) testing are performed in
the evaluation of breast cancer. While the clinical utility of ER as a predictive biomarker to …

Abstract Background African American women (AAW) die more frequently from estrogen
receptor (ER) positive breast cancer than European American women (EAW). We …

Purpose We examined borderline estrogen receptor (ER)–positive cancers, defined as
having 1% to 10% positivity by immunohistochemistry (IHC), to determine whether they …