Highlights•Arousal and locomotion modulate neuronal activity in primary visual
cortex.•Neurons in primary visual cortex respond to visuomotor mismatch.•Experience …

Highlights•Visual perception is dependent on intentions, expectations and actions.•Recent
work has uncovered novel circuits influencing visual processing.•Understanding these …

A cubic millimeter of primary visual cortex contains about 100,000 neurons that are heavily
interconnected by intrinsic and extrinsic afferents. The effort of many neuroanatomists over …

The behaviour of higher mammals and humans in the spatial environment is to a large
extent visually guided, and requires form vision and fine discrimination between similar …

Studies in anesthetized animals have suggested that activity in early visual cortex is mainly
driven by visual input and is well described by a feedforward processing hierarchy …

The human visual system can detect and discriminate between an incredibly diverse
assortment of stimuli that may be chromatic or achromatic, in motion or not, patterned or …

Visual cortex in mammals is composed of many distinct areas that are linked by reciprocal
connections to form a multilevel hierarchy. Ascending information is sent via forward …

Most mental processes consist of a number of processing steps that are executed
sequentially. The timing of the individual mental operations can usually only be estimated …

Our knowledge of the response properties of visual cortical neurons has increased steadily
since the original studies of Hubel and Wiesel in the 1960s. By comparison, an …

A key goal of behavioral and cognitive neuroscience is to link brain mechanisms to
behavioral functions. The present article describes recent progress toward explaining how …