In injured adult neurons, the process of axonal regrowth and reestablishment of the
neuronal function have to be activated. We assessed in this study whether RhoA, a key …

Abstract The small GTPase RhoA and its down-stream effector Rho-kinase (ROCK) are
important effector molecules of the neuronal cytoskeleton. Modulation of the RhoA/ROCK …

The Rho family of small GTP-binding proteins functions to regulate the assembly of distinct
actin structures in cells; Rho regulates stress fiber assembly, Rac regulates lamellipodia …

In the peripheral nerve, regenerating axonal sprouts usually emanate at nodes of Ranvier,
and extend as growth cones along the inner surface of Schwann cells and/or through …

RhoA,-B, and-C are ADP-ribosylated and biologically inactivated by Clostridium botulinum
C3 exoenzyme and related C3-like transferases. We report that RalA GTPase, which is not …

Introduction: The aim of the presented study was to investigate nerve regeneration after
application of C3‐Toxin, a Rho‐GTPase inhibitor and to correlate morphometry …

Several molecules inhibit axonal growth cones and may account for the failure of central
nervous system regeneration, including myelin proteins and various chondroitan sulfate …

Clostridium botulinum exoenzyme C3 inactivates the small GTPase Rho by ADP-
ribosylation. We used a C3 fusion toxin (C2IN-C3) with high cell accessibility to study the …

Studies of axonal outgrowth and regeneration after spinal cord injury are hampered by the
complexity of the events involved. Here, we present a simple and improved in vitro approach …

Clostridium botulinum C3 is the prototype of the family of the C3-like transferases that ADP-
ribosylate exclusively RhoA,-B and-C. The ADP-ribose at Asn-41 results in functional …