It is known that Rho family small GTPases activate a number of signal transduction pathways
involved in cell cycle progression, gene expression, and cell survival. These small G …

The protein toxin C3bot from Clostridium botulinum is a mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase that
selectively intoxicates monocyte-derived cells such as macrophages, osteoclasts, and …

The injection of safe doses of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) have been reported to be
useful for the treatment of neuropathic pain, but it is still unknown how functional recovery is …

Injury of an axon leads to at least four independent events, summarized in Figure 1: first,
deprivation of the nerve cell body from target-derived or mediated substances, which leads …

Peripheral nerve injuries are common, and functional recovery is very poor. Beyond surgical
repair of the nerve, there are currently no treatment options for these patients. In …

Background The C3bot1 protein (∼ 23 kDa) from Clostridium botulinum ADP-ribosylates
and thereby inactivates Rho. C3bot1 is selectively taken up into the cytosol of monocytes …

We re-examined the hypothesis of Cajal 3, later refuted by Weiss and Taylor 20, that cells in
distal stumps of transected peripheral nerves exert an attractive (tropic) effect on …

An in vivo preparation is presented to study the rate and time course of motor and sensory
axonal regeneration. The cut ends of a transected sciatic nerve were inserted into each end …

The capacity of injured nerve cells to regrow and form terminal connections in the CNS of
adult mammals was investigated in axotomized retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) of rodents …

Brief neuronal activation in injured peripheral nerves is both necessary and sufficient to
enhance motor axon regeneration, and this effect is specific to the activated motoneurons. It …