Understanding how the host immune system engages complex pathogens is essential to
developing therapeutic strategies to overcome their virulence. While granzymes are well …

The biology of human granzymes remains enigmatic in part due to our inability to probe their
functions outside of in vitro assays or animal models with divergent granzyme species. We …

The human immune system is a complex system which protects against invaders and
maintains tissue homeostasis. It is broadly divided into the innate and adaptive branches …

Imaging infections in patients is challenging using conventional methods, motivating the
development of positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers targeting bacteria-specific …

Since most d-amino acids (DAAs) are utilized by bacterial cells but not by mammalian
eukaryotic hosts, recently DAA-based molecular imaging strategies have been extensively …

The human immune system consists of an intricate network of tightly controlled pathways,
where proteases are essential instigators and executioners at multiple levels. Invading …

The granule-exocytosis pathway is the major mechanism via which cytotoxic lymphocytes
eliminate virus-infected and tumor cells. In this pathway, cytotoxic lymphocytes release …

Physiologically the only acceptable fate for almost all damaged or unwanted cells is their
apoptotic death, followed by engulfment of the corpses by healthy neighbors or professional …

Granule exocytosis by cytotoxic lymphocytes is the key mechanism of our immune response
to eliminate virus‐infected cells. These lytic granules contain the pore‐forming protein …

The interplay between host and pathogen relies heavily on rapid protein synthesis and
accurate protein targeting to ensure pathogen destruction. To gain insight into this dynamic …