Global urbanization has resulted in amplified energy and material consumption with
simultaneous waste generation. Current energy demand is mostly fulfilled by finite fossil …

Fossil fuel reserves have drastically decreased over the past two decades, contributing to a
worldwide decline in energy sources. The volatility of energy prices and their serious …

Green and clean hydrogen production has become a significant focus in recent years to
achieve sustainable renewable energy fuel needs. Biohydrogen production through the dark …

The present fossil fuel-based energy sector has led to significant industrial growth. On the
other hand, the dependence on fossil fuels leads to adverse impact on the environment …

As a clean energy carrier, hydrogen is a promising alternative to fossil fuel so as the global
growing energy demand can be met. Currently, producing hydrogen from biowastes through …

Modernization of lifestyle, industrialization, population has resulted in generation of huge
amount of waste, with rich in organic and inorganic content. Waste biomass (agriculture …

Highlights•DF is limited by low yields, hence integration with secondary energy recovery
methods is essential.•Efficient pretreatments for biomass with improved reactor designs …

The conventional fossil fuel showed a persistent and intense decline steadily over the past
two decades have led to global deterioration of limited sustainable energy supplies …

Globally, food waste (FW) is found to be one of the major constituents creating several
hurdles in waste management. On the other hand, the energy crisis is increasing and the …

Biological means of hydrogen (H 2) production has attracted tremendous research and
development attention. Dark fermentation provides a possible way of producing H 2 from a …