Ambient and indoor air pollution contributes annually to approximately seven million
premature deaths. Air pollution is a complex mixture of gaseous and particulate materials. In …

Background Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease characterized by the accumulation of
lipids and fibrous plaque in the arteries. Its etiology is very complicated and its risk factors …

Ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) and high-fat diet (HFD) are linked to the
development of atherosclerosis. However, there is still unknown about the PM 2.5-induced …

Fine particulate matter≤ 2.5 μm (PM2. 5) air pollution is regarded as one of the prominent
risk factors that contributes to morbidity and mortality globally, among which cardiovascular …

Rationale: Epidemiological evidence indicates that exposures to fine particulate matter air
pollution (PM2. 5) contribute to global burden of disease, primarily as a result of increased …

Fine and ultra-fine particulate matter (PM) are major constituents of urban air pollution and
recognized risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. This review examined the effects of PM …

Fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) air pollution exposure increases the risk of developing
cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although the precise mechanisms by which air pollution …

Several epidemiologic and toxicological studies have widely regarded ambient fine
particulate matter (PM2. 5), the particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm, as …

According to the WHO, the entire global population is exposed to air pollution levels higher
than recommended for health preservation. Air pollution is a complex mixture of nano-to …

Particulate matter (PM) air pollution less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM 2.5), which is now an
all-pervading element of modern-day society, is associated with heightened cardiovascular …