Phytopathogenic bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes invade and colonize their host plants
through distinct routes. These pathogens secrete diverse groups of effector proteins that aid …

Phytopathogens translocate effector proteins into plant cells where they sabotage the host
cellular machinery to promote infection. An individual pathogen can translocate numerous …

Plants possess large arsenals of immune receptors capable of recognizing all pathogen
classes. To cause disease, pathogenic organisms must be able to overcome physical …

Plant-associated organisms secrete proteins and other molecules to modulate plant defense
circuitry and enable colonization of plant tissue. Understanding the molecular function of …

To understand the mechanisms underlying disease development in plants, molecular plant
pathology research has mostly focused on the characterization of direct interactions …

Phytopathogenic bacteria and plants are locked in molecular struggles that determine the
outcome of an infection. Bacteria make effector molecules that can induce defenses if …

Filamentous microorganisms, such as fungi and oomycetes, secrete an arsenal of effector
proteins that modulate plant innate immunity and enable parasitic infection. Deciphering the …

The ability to secrete effector proteins that can enter plant cells and manipulate host
processes is a key determinant of what makes a successful plant pathogen. Here, we review …

Phytopathogenic fungi secrete a large arsenal of effector molecules, including
proteinaceous effectors, small RNAs, phytohormones and derivatives thereof. The …

Phytopathogenic bacteria inject an array of effector proteins into host cells to alter host
physiology and assist the infection process. Some of these effectors can also trigger disease …