While rats have been predominantly used to study operant ethanol self-administration
behavior in the context of dependence, several studies have employed operant conditioning …

Two strains of mice, C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) were allowed to self‐administer
intravenous (iv) ethanol. These two strains were selected because they differ greatly in their …

A predominant feature in human alcohol abuse is the reported desire or “craving” to
consume ethanol along with frequent episodes of drinking after periods of abstinence …

Rationale We previously demonstrated that chronic ethanol exposure and withdrawal
experience significantly increased subsequent voluntary ethanol intake in C57BL/6J mice …

A major obstacle in the development of new medications for the treatment of alcohol use
disorders (AUDs) has been the lack of preclinical, oral ethanol consumption paradigms that …

Background: The development of dependence may have significant motivational
consequences regarding continued use and abuse of ethanol. We have developed a mouse …

Ethanol reinforcement should ideally be evaluated in animals that are not food deprived to
ensure that the motivation behind its consumption is pharmacological, and not caloric, in …

Alcoholism (alcohol dependence) is characterized by a compulsion to seek and ingest
alcohol (ethanol), loss of control over intake, and the emergence of a negative emotional …

Background People with alcohol use disorders exhibit an overreliance on habitual response
strategies which may result from a history of chronic alcohol exposure. Although habits are …

One substance abuse hypothesis proposes that rewarding effects of drugs are causally
related to their psychostimulant effects. We examined this hypothesis by comparing operant …