Objective: To investigate the association between pregnancy planning and orofacial clefts in
the United Kingdom. Design: Case–control study. Setting: Scotland and the Manchester and …

Background Cleft lip and palate (cleft L/P) is one of the most common congenital anomalies
and its etiology is assumed to be multifactorial. Recent epidemiological data involving a …

The most common congenital anomaly is orofacial cleft, which is categorized into two main
types: cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and cleft palate only (CPO). One of the most …

The aim of present study was to check the possible association of potential parental
environmental exposures and maternal supplementation intake with the risk of …

Clefts that occur in children are a special topic. Avoiding risk factors, and also an early
diagnosis of cleft possibility can result in minimizing or avoiding them. If on the other hand …

Background: In the multifactorial etiology of orofacial clefts (OFCs), environmental factors
play an important role. To trace the influence of these factors, the timing of the cell biological …

While several studies have investigated maternal exposures as risk factors for oral clefts, few
have examined paternal factors. We conducted an international multi-centered case–control …

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between cleft lip and/or palate and nongenetic
factors in Greece. METHODS: We designed a case-control study including 35 patients with …

Background Several lifestyle and environmental exposures have been suspected as risk
factors for oral clefts, although few have been convincingly demonstrated. Studies across …

Objectives Fetal overgrowth has detrimental effects on both the mother and the fetus. The
global issue of ambient air pollution has been found to contribute to fetal overgrowth through …