With the world's population ageing, the incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) is on the rise.
In recent years, inflammatory processes have emerged as prominent contributors to the …

Inflammation, a self-defensive reaction against various pathogenic stimuli, may become
harmful self-damaging process. Increasing evidence has linked chronic inflammation to a …

Over the last decade the important concept has emerged that microglia, similar to other
tissue macrophages, assume different phenotypes and serve several effector functions …

Microglia, often described as the brain-resident macrophages, play crucial roles in central
nervous system development, maintenance, plasticity, and adaptation to the environment …

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder seen,
especially in the elderly. Tremor, shaking, movement problems, and difficulty with balance …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with unknown cause in the
majority of patients, who are therefore considered “idiopathic”(IPD). PD predominantly …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, with
symptoms such as tremor, bradykinesia with rigidity, and depression appearing in the late …

Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). In the
brains of patients with PD, microglia have both neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects …

Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) acting as the
first line of defense in the brain by phagocytosing harmful pathogens and cellular debris …

Recent data has indicated that the traditional view of Parkinson's disease (PD) as an
isolated disorder of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system alone is an oversimplification of its …