A set of equations derived to describe the optics of highly scattering materials are explained,
extended, and applied to the problem of in vitro and in vivo measurement of the relative …

The results of calculations which use diffusion equations for photons to calculate optical
transmission and backscattering by whole blood will be compared with a variety of …

In vivo measurement of the oxygen saturation levels in blood may be obtained from relative
amounts of backscattered monochromatic light at two different wavelengths, as measured …

The oxygen saturation of blood, the cardiac output and the nature of pathological conditions
in the heart and larger vessels can be determined by photometry using whole blood. Under …

Photon-diffusion theory has had limited success in modeling the optical transmittance of
whole blood. Therefore we have developed a new photon-diffusion model of the optical …

The fundamental parameters necessary for describing the optical behavior of nonhemolyzed
blood by means of diffusion equations for photons are presented. The methods and results …

The diffusion equations for randomly directed photons are applied to the problem of the in
vivo determination of the oxygen relative saturation in blood. A model of the living tissue is …

The reflectance of light by nonhaemolysed blood has been studied previously only in thick
layers. Some reflection oximetric techniques assumed an exponential relationship between …

Since virtually all the oxygen carried by blood at normal hematocrit is reversibly bound to red
blood cell hemoglobin, the distribution of oxygen within the microcirculation can be …

Light is absorbed and scattered by whole blood. At very low hematocrit values scattering is
small, but for hematocrit≧ 0.05 light patterns in blood indicate that scattered photons obey …