Charcoal has been used as a source of thermal energy since the beginning of the steel
industry in Brazil. Charcoal is used in the production of metallic iron from ore. Due to non …

Brazil is the world's leading charcoal producer. Most charcoal kilns used are not
mechanised, and the technology is archaic. Historically, the charcoal industry's development …

Charcoal is an economic activity of increasing importance in many developing countries,
and one which is expected to increase significantly in the future. In Brazil, industrial charcoal …

Across the globe, of every 100 hectares of forest lost between the years 2000 and 2005,
nearly 65 were in Latin America and the Caribbean. During this period, the proportion of …

Brazil is the world's largest producer and consumer of industrial charcoal, but the charcoal-
based pig-iron and steel industry is at a crossroads. It faces serious socio-economic …

The annual consumption of fuelwood in Brazil is approximately equal to 180 million oil
barrels, or 13.3% of all Brazilian primary energy use. Fuelwood consumption in the country …

The production of charcoal and its use in steel production in Brazil has always been
associated with environmental devastation resulting from impacts at all stages of charcoal …

The basic concepts of charcoal utilization and production from wood are presented,
describing two systems refining to heat sources used. The first one is a system with internal …

Charcoal-based iron-and steelmaking, a technology which died out in Europe at the time of
the Industrial Revolution, is still employed on a large scale in the Brazilian state of Minas …

PERGAMON Page 1 PERGAMON Renewable Energy 16 (1999) 1037-1040 The charcoal’s
production in Brazil process efficiency and environmental effects Maria Silvia MUYLAERT; …