Staphylococcal α-toxin induces a higher T cell proliferation and interleukin-31 in atopic dermatitis

M Niebuhr, D Mamerow, A Heratizadeh… - International archives of …, 2011 - karger.com
Background: Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) are frequently colonized with α-toxin-
producing Staphylococcus aureus which is in turn positively correlated with the severity of …

Alpha‐toxin is produced by skin colonizing Staphylococcus aureus and induces a T helper type 1 response in atopic dermatitis

K Breuer, M Wittmann, K Kempe, A Kapp… - Clinical & …, 2005 - Wiley Online Library
Background Staphylococcus aureus is a well known trigger factor of atopic dermatitis (AD).
Besides the superantigens, further exotoxins are produced by S. aureus and may have an …

Staphylococcal alpha-toxin is a strong inducer of interleukin-17 in humans

M Niebuhr, M Gathmann, H Scharonow… - Infection and …, 2011 - Am Soc Microbiol
Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) are frequently colonized with Staphylococcus aureus,
with one-third of isolates producing alpha-toxin. Moreover, S. aureus colonization is …

Staphylococcal enterotoxin induced IL‐5 stimulation as a cofactor in the pathogenesis of atopic disease: the hygiene hypothesis in reverse?

T Heaton, D Mallon, T Venaille, P Holt - Allergy, 2003 - Wiley Online Library
Background: The incidence of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) colonization on the skin of
patients with atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS) is approximately 90% and a variety …

Staphylococcal exotoxins are strong inducers of IL-22: A potential role in atopic dermatitis

M Niebuhr, H Scharonow, M Gathmann… - Journal of allergy and …, 2010 - Elsevier
BACKGROUND: Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis are frequently colonized
with Staphylococcus aureus that produces staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) and α-toxin …

Isolation of α‐toxin‐producing Staphylococcus aureus from the skin of highly sensitized adult patients with severe atopic dermatitis

K Wichmann, W Uter, J Weiss, K Breuer… - British Journal of …, 2009 - academic.oup.com
Background Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a well‐known trigger factor of atopic
dermatitis (AD). Besides staphylococcal superantigens, α‐toxin may influence cutaneous …

[HTML][HTML] Toxic interaction between Th2 cytokines and Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis

JB Travers - Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2014 - Elsevier
Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) are commonly colonized/infected with Staphylococcus
aureus, and this bacterium is known to worsen the dermatitis. In this issue, Brauweiler et al …

Staphylococcal exotoxins induce interleukin 22 in human th22 cells

M Niebuhr, J Mainardy, A Heratizadeh… - … Archives of Allergy and …, 2014 - karger.com
Background: We have shown previously that T cells from atopic dermatitis (AD) patients
produce more IL-22 upon staphylococcal exotoxin stimulation compared to psoriasis …

Atopic dermatitis in adults: evaluation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells proliferation response to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins A and B and analysis of …

RL Orfali, MN Sato, R Takaoka, MH Azor… - Experimental …, 2009 - Wiley Online Library
Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease with a high
prevalence and complex pathogenesis. The skin of AD patients is usually colonized by …

Staphylococcus aureus from atopic dermatitis skin accumulates in the lysosomes of keratinocytes with induction of IL‐1α secretion via TLR9

M Moriwaki, K Iwamoto, Y Niitsu, A Matsushima… - Allergy, 2019 - Wiley Online Library
Background Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is frequently detected in the skin of patients
with atopic dermatitis (AD), and involved in the flare of AD. There are some evidence …