Immune priming has now been demonstrated as a form of immune memory in a wide range
of invertebrate species that lack acquired immune systems. Owing to the specific activation …

One of the dogmas of comparative (evolutionary) immunology for the last few decades has
been that all invertebrates lack any form of immunological memory similar to that found in …

Over the last decade, innate immune priming has been evidenced in many invertebrate
phyla. If mechanistic models have been proposed, molecular studies aiming to substantiate …

The expansion of intensive fish farming in recent decades has led to increase in the number
of fish diseases (1, 2). This is partly because high stocking densities used in intensive …

The possibility of immunological memory in invertebrates is a topic that has recently
attracted a lot of attention. Today, even vertebrates are known to exhibit innate immune …

It has long been viewed that invertebrates rely exclusively upon a wide variety of innate
mechanisms for protection from disease and parasite invasion and lack any specific …

Research in mucosal vaccination in finfish has gained prominence in the last decade in
pursuit of mucosal vaccines that would lengthen the duration of protective immunity in …

The recent years have witnessed a vast increase in our knowledge of the immune system of
fish (Lieschke & Trede 2009). We now know of families of immune molecules that have been …

Crustacean aquaculture, dominated by shrimp, is a highly profitable food‐producing sector
in the world. However, a variety of biotic and abiotic stressors can have adverse effect on the …

Mucosal organs are principle portals of entry for microbial invasion and as such developing
protective vaccines against these pathogens can serve as a first line of defense against …