Antitumor agents, despite having diverse primary mechanisms of action, mediate their
effects by inducing apoptosis in tumor cells. Cellular commitment to apoptosis, or the ability …

The MAP kinases are ubiquitous enzymes that are activated in a complex fashion and
inactivated by multiple phosphatases including a dedicated dual specificity enzyme. These …

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases comprise a family of protein-serine/threonine
kinases, which are highly conserved in protein structures from unicellular eukaryotic …

Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase 4 (MKK4) is a component of stress activated
MAP kinase signaling modules. It directly phosphorylates and activates the c-Jun N-terminal …

Multicellular organisms have three well-characterized subfamilies of mitogen-activated
protein kinases (MAPKs) that control a vast array of physiological processes. These …

Abstract The Raf/MEK/ERK (MAPK) signal transduction cascade is a vital mediator of a
number of cellular fates including growth, proliferation and survival, among others. The focus …

There are three well-defined subgroups of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs): the
extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), the c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), and the …

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) superfamily consists of three main protein
kinase families: the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERKs), the c-Jun N …

Protein kinase C (PKC) is activated rapidly and transiently following ionizing radiation
exposure and is postulated to activate downstream nuclear signal transducers. Inhibition of …

The p38 MAPK kinase pathway is activated in response to a wide range of cellular stress
stimuli and cytokines. Our understanding of the important functions of p38 MAPK in the …