In standard risk assessment methods for carcinogenic or noncarcinogenic chemicals,
quantitative methods for evaluating interindividual variability are not explicitly considered …

The physiological and biochemical processes that determine the tissue concentration time
courses (pharmacokinetics) of xenobiotics vary, in some cases significantly, with age and …

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are particularly useful for simulating
exposures to environmental toxicants for which, unlike pharmaceuticals, there is often little …

In recent years efforts have increased to develop a framework for assessing differences,
both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic, between children and adults for purposes of …

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling provides important capabilities for
improving the reliability of the extrapolations across dose, species, and exposure route that …

Pharmacokinetics (PK) of xenobiotics can differ widely between children and adults due to
physiological differences and the immaturity of enzyme systems and clearance mechanisms …

The safety assessments for chemicals targeted for use or expected to be exposed to specific
life stages, including infancy, childhood, pregnancy and lactation, and geriatrics, need to …

Risk assessments are performed to estimate the conditions under which individuals or
populations may be harmed by exposure to environmental or occupational chemicals. In the …

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are sophisticated dosimetry models
that offer great flexibility in modeling exposure scenarios for which there are limited data …

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is an important tool for improving
the accuracy of human health risk assessments for hazardous substances in the …