Up to 10% of patients with renal disease receiving recombinant human erythropoietin
(rHuEPO) therapy show poor responsiveness to the drug. Even in patients who do respond …

Background Resistance to recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) occurs in some
chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, which may be due to enhanced systemic …

The anaemia associated with chronic renal failure has many causes. The main reason is
deficient erythropoietin synthesis with serum levels of erythropoietin which are too low for …

Role of cytokines in the response to erythropoietin in hemodialysis patients. Background
Cytokines are regulatory factors of erythropoiesis, especially in pathologic conditions. Even …

Erythropoietin (EPO) plays a specific and crucial role in stimulating erythropoiesis by
preventing apoptosis and maintaining erythroid cell viability [1], as well as many other …

Resistance to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) in patients with chronic kidney
disease (CKD) can be associated with evidence of enhanced systemic inflammatory …

Anemia is a frequent complication of chronic kidney disease, and its primary cause is
erythropoietin deficiency. After diagnosis, treatment begins with administration of an …

Resistance to recombinant human erythropoietin occurs in a small but important proportion
of hemodialysis patients. This may be due to increased immune activation because pro …

In patients with chronic kidney disease, erythropoietin resistance is common, costly, and has
implications beyond the management of anemia because the presence of erythropoietin …

It is now nearly six years since recombinant human erythropoietin was licensed for the
treatment of renal anaemia, and numerous clinical trials worldwide are currently …