Introduction To date, no studies have evaluated the consistency of biomarker levels in
people who smoke over a long-time period in real-world conditions with a large number of …

Abstract Introduction The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study is a
longitudinal cohort study on tobacco use behavior, attitudes and beliefs, and tobacco-related …

Urinary nicotine equivalents (NE) and plasma cotinine are widely used as a biomarker for
exposure to tobacco products, but there is limited information on intra-and inter-individual …

Introduction This study examined the predictive relationships between biomarkers of
nicotine exposure and 16-item self-reported level of tobacco dependence (TD) and …

Introduction Accurate measurement of nicotine exposure from cigarette smoke is important
in studying disease risk and level of dependence. Urine total nicotine equivalents, the molar …

Smokers who inhale less deeply are exposed to lower amounts of the toxic substances
present in tobacco smoke. In order to more rigorously assess tobacco smoke exposure, it is …

We characterize nicotine exposure in the US population by measuring urinary nicotine and
its major (cotinine, trans-3′-hydroxycotinine) and minor (nicotine 1′-oxide, cotinine N …

Background: We sought to determine the optimal plasma and urine nicotine metabolites,
alone or in combination, to estimate the systemic dose of nicotine after low-level exposure …

Abstract Introduction The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study is a
nationally representative cohort of tobacco product users and nonusers. The study's main …

Introduction We illustrate the differential impact of common analysis approaches to handling
urinary creatinine, a measure for urine dilution, on relationships between race, gender, and …