Background Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is crucial for controlling HIV-1 infection through
wide-scale treatment as prevention and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Potent tenofovir …

Background. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) drug resistance may limit the
benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART). This cohort study examined patterns of drug …

Background WHO has developed a global HIV-drug resistance surveillance strategy,
including assessment of pretreatment HIV-drug resistance. We aimed to do a nationally …

Background Pretreatment drug resistance in people initiating or re-initiating antiretroviral
therapy (ART) containing non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) might …

Background The effect of pretreatment HIV-1 drug resistance on the response to first-line
combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa has not been assessed. We …

Background Increased access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) has resulted in rising levels of
pretreatment human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance (PDR). This is the first …

Objective: We sought to determine the rate of the K65R mutation in patients receiving
tenofovir (TDF)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) with subtype C HIV infection. Design …

Background. Numerous studies have shown that baseline drug resistance patterns may
influence the outcome of antiretroviral therapy. Therefore, guidelines recommend drug …

Background There are few data on the epidemiology of primary HIV-1 drug resistance after
the roll-out of antiretroviral treatment (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to assess the …

Objective To describe the occurrence of a high early virological failure (VF) rate and
development of resistance mutations in antiretroviral-naive patients receiving tenofovir …