Influenza A viruses are enveloped and contain eight segments of single-stranded, negative-
sense RNA, which encode 11 proteins. The external transmembrane surface glycoproteins …

Vaccination is the best strategy for the control and prevention of contagious diseases
caused by Influenza A viruses. Extraordinary genetic variability and continual evolvability …

The existing vaccines against influenza are based on the generation of neutralizing antibody
primarily directed against surface proteins—hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. In this work …

Pandemics caused by influenza A virus (IAV) are responsible for the deaths of millions of
humans around the world. One of these pandemics occurred in Mexico in 2009. Despite the …

Influenza A virus infections are one of the most important factors that are still considered as
global health concerns. The best and most effective defense against these infections is …

The polyepitope strategy is promising approach for successfully creating a broadly
protective flu vaccine, which targets T-lymphocytes (both CD4+ and CD8+) to recognise the …

Peptide-based vaccines are an appealing strategy which involves usage of short synthetic
peptides to engineer a highly targeted immune response. These short synthetic peptides …

Universal influenza vaccines targeting the conserved T cell epitope may induce a T cell
response and provide long-lasting protection against multiple strains of the influenza virus …

Background Influenza A virus is one of the leading causes of annual mortality. The emerging
of novel escape variants of the influenza A virus is still a considerable challenge in the …

Introduction: The influenza virus undergoes constant mutation, necessitating annual updates
to theseasonalfluvaccine. Traditionalvaccinemethodsstruggletokeepp… rate of this virus …