The biological membrane is an efficient barrier against water-soluble substances. Solute
transporters circumvent this membrane barrier by transporting water-soluble solutes across …

Pathogenic microorganisms that are multidrug-resistant can pose severe clinical and public
health concerns. In particular, bacterial multidrug efflux transporters of the major facilitator …

The biological membrane covers all living cells and provides an effective barrier against the
passage of biologically important water-soluble solutes. This natural passage barrier is …

Gram-negative bacteria expel a wide range of toxic substances through tripartite drug efflux
pumps consisting of an inner membrane transporter, an outer membrane channel protein …

Bacterial infections pose a serious public health concern, especially when an infectious
disease has a multidrug resistant causative agent. Such multidrug resistant bacteria can …

Microorganisms encode several classes of transmembrane pumps that can expel an
enormous range of toxic substances, thereby improving their fitness in harsh environments …

Infections arising from multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria are spreading rapidly
throughout the world and threaten to become untreatable. The origins of resistance are …

Antimicrobial resistance is a global challenge, for which the mechanisms of resistance are
varied and complicated. Bacterial multidrug efflux proteins are a major mechanism of …

Efflux pumps represent an important and large group of transporter proteins found in all
organisms. The importance of efflux pumps resides in their ability to extrude a wide range of …

Causative agents of infectious disease that are multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens
represent a serious public health concern due to the increasingly difficult nature of achieving …