Introduction Percutaneous endoscopic discectomy (PED) for herniated nucleus pulposus
has become increasingly popular since first reported by Y eung and Tsou. Additionally …

The discTRODE™ probe applies radiofrequency (RF) current, heating the annulus to treat
chronic discogenic low back pain. Randomized controlled studies have not been published …

Background Back pain due to Lumbar Disc Disease is a major clinical problem. The
treatment options range from physiotherapy to fusion surgery. A number of minimally …

Since the first injection of chymopapain in 1963, percutaneous intradiscal therapies have
been used to treat discogenic back and leg pain. The percutaneous discectomy techniques …

Over the past decade, there has been a surge of minimally invasive techniques aimed at
treating both discogenic low back pain (LBP) and radicular pain. This article assesses the …

Introduction: 25 years experience in transforaminal endoscopic surgery from a personal and
spine group database is reviewed relating to treatment of discogenic pain and disc …

We report a novel technique for C-arm free transtubular L5 nerve decompression under CT-
based navigation to reduce the radiation hazard. This procedure is performed under general …

Lumbar disc herniation is usually managed with conservative treatment or surgery.
However, conservative therapy seldom yields good results, and surgery is associated with …

Chronic low back pain is a common but challenging prob-lem for the spine specialist.
Although not completely understood, the concept of a discogenic pain mechanism as a …

This retrospective study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of single-channel
percutaneous endoscopic nucleotomy combined with annulus fibrosus suturing for treating …