This study aimed to assess the effects of thoracic anodal and cathodal transcutaneous
spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) on upper and lower limb corticospinal excitability …

Optimization of motor performance is of importance in daily life, in relation to recovery
following injury as well as for elite sports performance. The present study investigated …

The spinal cord is an integration center for descending, ascending, and segmental neural
signals. Noninvasive transspinal stimulation may thus constitute an effective method for …

In the past 10 years renewed interest has centered on non-invasive transcutaneous weak
direct currents applied over the scalp to modulate cortical excitability (“brain polarization” or …

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the human motor cortex induces changes in
excitability within cortical and spinal circuits that occur during and after the stimulation …

Motor cortex (MCX) motor representation reorganization occurs after injury, learning, and
different long-term stimulation paradigms. The neuromodulatory approach of transspinal …

Noninvasive transspinal stimulation of the thoracolumbar region, where leg motor circuits
reside, produces prominent plasticity of brain and spinal cord circuits. However …

Transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) is a new promising technique for
modulating spinal cord function in humans. However, its effects on corticospinal pathways …

Transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) is a noninvasive method that can
modulate spinal reflexes, sensory afferent conduction, and even pain perception. Although …

Cathodal trans-spinal direct current (c-tsDC) stimulation is a powerful technique to modulate
spinal excitability. However, the manner in which c-tsDC stimulation modulates cortically …