Subcutaneous (sc) injection of formalin induces a rapid and prolonged hyperalgesia across
widespread areas of the body. This hyperalgesic state involves a brain-to-spinal cord …

To determine whether initial nociceptive inputs caused by subcutaneous injection of formalin
into the hindpaw are necessary and/or sufficient for allodynic behavior and microglial …

Previous work has demonstrated that pain facilitation can occur following injection of
subcutaneous irritants, such as formalin. Such studies have focused on apparent pain …

Injection of formalin into a hind paw of rats produces localized inflammation and pain. The
nociceptive effect of formalin, recorded as flinching/shaking of the injected paw, is biphasic …

The formalin test was introduced as a model of tonic pain in 1977, and has since been used
extensively in rats and mice. In rats, formalin generates an initial phase of activity (5–10 min …

The effects of the intrathecal (it) administration of different voltage-sensitive calcium channel
(VSCC) blockers were studied in the formalin model of inflammation. The responses of …

Subcutaneous formalin injection is widely used as a nociceptive stimulus in the rat. This
procedure evokes overt behaviors that last about 90 minutes. However, little is known about …

Many studies of pain and nociception use short-lasting acute stimuli which may have limited
relevance to prolonged or chronic pain states. Using extracellular single-unit recording in …

Application of glutamate to skin evokes pain-related behaviors [SM Carlton, GL Hargett, RE
Coggeshall, Localization and activation of glutamate receptors in unmyelinated axons of rat …

Our laboratory has previously shown that glial activation and increased proinflammatory
cytokine expression are observed in the rat spinal cord following peripheral nerve injuries …