The mitochondrion is a vital intracellular organelle for retinal cell function and survival. There
is growing confirmation to support an association between mitochondrial dysfunction and a …

Aging is associated with impaired fasted oxidation of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA)
suggesting a mitochondrial defect. Aging is also associated with deficiency of glutathione …

Glutaredoxin belongs to the oxidoreductase family, with cytosolic glutaredoxin 1 (Grx1) and
mitochondrial glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2) isoforms. Of the two isozymes, the function of Grx2 is not …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) are two important
leading causes of acquired blindness in developed countries. As accumulation of advanced …

The mitochondria in mammalian cells are a predominant resource of reactive oxygen
species (ROS), which are produced during respiration-coupled oxidative metabolism or …

Impairment of mitochondria function and cellular antioxidant systems are linked to aging and
neurodegenerative diseases. In the eye, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is exposed to …

This review provides a model for the role of oxidative stress in the etiology of age-related
macular degeneration (AMD). Epidemiological studies of diet, environmental and behavioral …

Methylglyoxal (MGO), a glycolytic metabolite, induces oxidative injury and apoptotic cell
death that play a pathogenetic role in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This study …

Retinal degeneration diseases (RDDs) are common and devastating eye diseases
characterized by the degeneration of photoreceptors, which are highly associated with …

Mitochondrial oxidative stress significantly contributes to the underlying pathology of several
devastating neurodegenerative disorders. Mitochondria are highly sensitive to the damaging …