Two complimentary topics are of special interest in the study of cognitive skills, first the
involvement of working memory resources in successful performance, and second the role …

Two experiments tested the hypothesis that simple arithmetic requires working memory
resources. Subjects were presented with a simple verification task (eg 8+ 4= 12. True …

We reviewed the literature on the role of working memory in the solution of arithmetic
problems such as 3+ 4 or 345+ 29. The literature was neither comprehensive nor systematic …

Abstract Thinking efficiency was examined in mental arithmetic as a function of the degree of
interactivity afforded by the task. Participants carried out single-digit additions, involving …

Mental calculation is an important everyday skill involving access to well-learned
procedures, problem solving, and working memory. Although there is an active literature on …

A dual-task methodology was used to investigate the roles played by executive and
phonological aspects of working memory in mental arithmetic. Experiment 1 showed that …

Participants practiced a set of complex multiplication problems (eg, 3× 18) in a pre-
/postpractice design. Before, during, and after practice, the participants gave self-reports of …

A series of experiments explored the role of information storage in working memory in
performing mental arithmetic. Experiment 1 assessed the strategies people report for solving …

The present study examined the influence of features differing across problems (problem
size and operation) and across individuals (gender, amount of daily arithmetic practice …

A total of 72 participants estimated products of complex multiplications of two-digit operands
(eg, 63× 78), using two strategies that differed in complexity. The simple strategy involved …