Tumor development is a dynamic process where cancer cells differentiate, proliferate and
migrate interacting among each other and with the surrounding matrix in a three …

The discovery of chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer commonly uses cell
proliferation assays in which cells grow as two-dimensional (2D) monolayers. Compounds …

The tumor microenvironment and its contribution to tumorigenesis has been a focal highlight
in recent years. A two-way communication between the tumor and the surrounding …

3D cell cultures are rapidly becoming the method of choice for the physiologically relevant
modeling of many aspects of non-malignant and malignant cell behavior ex vivo …

It is recognized that tumors do not exist and grow as isolated entities of neoplastic cells, but
rather in continuous and bidirectional communication with adjacent stromal cells. Stromal …

Decades of efforts in engineering in vitro cancer models have advanced drug discovery and
the insight into cancer biology. However, the establishment of preclinical models that enable …

The importance and advantages of three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures have been well-
recognized. Tumor cells cultured in a 3D culture system as multicellular tumor spheroids …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture technology has been steadily studied since the
1990's due to its superior biocompatibility compared to the conventional two-dimensional …

Bridging the gap between findings in preclinical 2D cell culture models and in vivo tissue
cultures has been challenging; the simple microenvironment of 2D monolayer culture …

Most cancer biologists still rely on conventional two-dimensional (2D) monolayer culture
techniques to test in vitro anti-tumor drugs prior to in vivo testing. However, the vast majority …