Active efflux of antibiotics is one of the major mechanisms of drug resistance in bacteria. The
efflux process is mediated by membrane transporters with a large variety of unrelated …

The emergence of active efflux as a major causative factor in antibiotic resistance has been
one of the most significant trends in antiinfective chemotherapy over the last decade. The …

Efflux mechanisms have become broadly recognized as major components of resistance to
many classes of antibiotics. Some efflux pumps selectively extrude specific antibiotics, while …

The increasing multi-drug resistance has become a major threat to the public health.
Overexpression of multidrug efflux pumps is one of the major mechanisms of drug resistance …

Introduction: Microbial resistance against antibiotics is a serious threat to the effective
treatment of infectious diseases. Several mechanisms exist through which microorganisms …

Drug efflux is recognized as a clinically relevant mechanism of antimicrobial drug resistance
in selected species of bacteria. Membrane-based polypeptides belong to distinct protein …

Antibiotic resistance mechanisms reported in Gram-negative bacteria are causing a
worldwide health problem. The continuous dissemination of 'multidrug-resistant'(MDR) …

Resistance to multiple drugs in medically important bacteria results in therapeutic
challenges for the clinician. The mechanisms by which bacteria evade the effects of …

Resistance of microorganisms to many classes of antibiotics and other drugs is a major
problem throughout the world. This antimicrobial resistance can be mediated by various …

Efflux proteins are transporter molecules that actively pump out a variety of substrates,
including antibiotics, from cells to the environment. They are found in both Gram-positive …