Whether boys are more vulnerable than girls to reading disabilities (RD) is controversial. We
review studies that were designed to minimize ascertainment bias in the selection of …

Reading impairment is more common in males, but the magnitude and origin of this gender
difference are debated. In a large-scale study of reading impairment among 491,103 …

ContextAn influential article published in 1990 claimed that the increased rate of reading
disability in boys was a consequence of referral bias. ObjectivesTo summarize the history of …

Male vulnerability to neurodevelopmental disorders remains controversial. For one disorder,
reading disability, this sex bias has been interpreted as an artifact of referral bias. We …

The authors conducted a case-control study to determine whether risk factors for reading
disability (RD) differentially affect boys and girls. The study population included all children …

The present study investigated the hypothesis that the higher prevalence of reading
disability (RD) often observed among boys is partly an artifact of gender bias in the …

This commentary reviews some of the issues involved in the definition of reading disability
and demonstrates how definitions can influence the conclusions reached by a review. In …

Context: In 1990, a paper that subsequently became very influential was published, claiming
that the increased rate of reading disability in boys was a consequence of referral bias …

Males are more likely than females to be identified as having reading difficulties, but it is
unclear if this is a result of sample ascertainment or identification bias. The purpose of this …

Over the past decade, educators and researchers concerned about children with reading
disabilities have called for widespread adoption of early identification tools and early …