Snake or honeybee envenomation can cause substantial morbidity and mortality, and it has
been proposed that the activation of mast cells by snake or insect venoms can contribute to …

Mast cell degranulation is important in the pathogenesis of anaphylaxis and allergic
disorders. Many animal venoms contain components that can induce mast cell …

Venomous animals have been admired and feared since prehistoric times, and their venoms
have been used to both benefit and impair human health. In 326 BCE, Alexander the Great …

abstract Physicians think of mast cells and IgE primarily in the context of allergic disorders,
including fatal anaphylaxis. This 'bad side'of mast cells and IgE is so well accepted that it …

Bites and stings from venomous creatures can produce pain and inflammation as part of
their defensive strategy to ward off predators or competitors,. Molecules accounting for lethal …

Convergent evolution provides insights into the selective drivers underlying evolutionary
change. Snake venoms, with a direct genetic basis and clearly defined functional …

Mast cells are protective against snake venom sarafotoxins that belong to the endothelin
(ET) peptide family. The molecular mechanism underlying this recently recognized innate …

Animal venoms are used as defense mechanisms or to immobilize and digest prey. In fact,
venoms are complex mixtures of enzymatic and non-enzymatic components with specific …

The venom of predatory marine snails is a rich source of natural products that act on specific
receptors and ion channels within the mammalian nervous system. A 41–amino acid …

Although some forensic uses of scent-following dogs may be questionable, as Brisbin,
Austad, and Jacobson point out in their letter “Canine detectives: the nose knows—or does …