Gender differences in drug concentrations, drug response and toxicity have been attributed
to various distinct yet interrelated physiological and molecular mechanisms. Drug …

In recent years, it has become clear that women and men may differ for drug response. Also,
there is an increasing recognition on the role of sex hormones on pharmacokinetics and …

Inter‐ethnic variability in pharmacokinetics (PK) has been attributed to several factors
ranging from genetic to environmental. It is not clear how current teaching in higher …

Ethnicity is one factor that may account for the observed differences in both
pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of drugs, resulting in variability in …

Ethnic or racial differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics have been
attributed to the distinctions in the genetic, physiological and pathological factors between …

Many pharmacokinetic investigations in the elderly population reveal decreased clearance
of lipophilic drugs metabolized by the cytochrome P450 enzymes; however, few studies …

There is an increasing awareness that the exclusion of women from clinical trials may lead
to inaccurate application of drug therapy in women. Gender and estrus cycle differences in …

Although there is considerable variation in the effect of age on drug biotransformation, the
metabolism of many drugs is impaired in the elderly. Age-related physiological changes …

Interethnic differences in drug-metabolising capacity may be substantial, and they are
sufficiently frequent to warrant attention. Such differences may consist of different mean …

Interethnic differences are important factors accounting for interindividual variations in drug
responsiveness. However, these differences in drug response have been a relatively …