Clinical trials, more specifically randomized controlled trials (RCT), have long been
considered a gold standard of clinical research. An RCT is the strongest research design for …

METHODS: Ninety patients aged 18–60 years with L5-S1 disk herniations and radicular
pain were randomly assigned to one of these groups to have epidural steroid injection …

Results Three reports have systematically reviewed the randomized studies of lumbar
epidural steroid injections present in the literature through the 1990s 9, 10, 12. A total of 15 …

Editorial Views the public for scrutiny. During the last decade, we have also seen that
devastating neurologic sequelae, although uncommon, can follow either transforaminal or …

In the 1980s, the Chair of the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at Northwestern University
kept sending me patients for epidural steroid injections (ESIs). I had little idea what the …

Epidural steroid injections (ESIs) are the most widely utilized pain management procedure
in the world, their use supported by more than 45 placebo-controlled studies and dozens of …

Lumbar epidural steroid injections are commonly performed in the United States for treating
radicular low back pain. However, the best available data suggest that the benefit afforded …

Background: Concerns exist regarding the analgesia effect and safety of epidural steroid
injection (ESI) after discectomy. There is an urgent need of studies that efficiently control for …

Methods. Thirty-three factors derived from patient evaluation and physical examination were
selected according to previous studies, clinical importance, and ease of assessment in a …

Study Design. Longitudinal cohort. Objective. To determine the cost per quality-adjusted life-
year for lumbar epidural steroid injections (LESI). Summary of Background Data. Despite …