Converging evidence reports that the probability of vertical transmission patterns via shared
drainage systems, may be responsible for the huge contactless community outbreak in high …

The building's toilet drainage system has been identified as a potential route for the
transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during outbreaks. This study employed agar-fluorescein …

COVID-19 outbreaks in high-rise buildings suggested the transmission route of fecal-aerosol-
inhalation due to the involvement of viral aerosols in sewer stacks. The vertical transmission …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been demonstrate to
be transmitted through fecal aerosols in building drainage systems (BDS), emphasizing the …

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on human society. The isolation of
SARS-CoV-2 from patients' feces on human cell line raised concerns of possible …

This study investigated, using validated computational fluid dynamics techniques, the actual
performance of portable air purifiers for reducing the infection risks of airborne respiratory …

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has underscored the critical importance of ventilation in
mitigating indoor airborne pathogen transmission. Numerous studies have consistently …

Physical contact and respiratory droplet transmission have been widely regarded as the
main routes of COVID-19 infection. However, mounting evidence has unveiled the risk of …

The role of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems in the transmission of
SARS-CoV-2 is unclear. To address this gap, we simulated the release of SARS-CoV-2 in a …

Air-borne transmission can pose a major risk of infection spread in enclosed spaces.
Venting the air out using exhaust fans and ducts is a common approach to mitigate the risk …