Aim: Co-infection in HIV-1 patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis poses considerable risk
of developing the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), especially upon the …

The lethal combination involving TB and HIV, known as “syndemic” diseases, synergistically
act upon one another to magnify the disease burden. Individuals on anti-retroviral therapy …

Tuberculosis-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) is an exaggerated,
dysregulated immune response against dead or viable antigens of Mycobacterium …

Background: The role of T-cell responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens in
tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) is unclear …

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) continues to be a complication in
HIV/tuberculosis (TB) co-infected patients initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy …

Objective The influence of tuberculosis (TB)-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
(IRIS) on TB treatment outcomes and its risk factors were investigated among people with …

Background Patients co-infected with advanced HIV and tuberculosis are at risk of
tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) and death …

Specific biomarkers would aid in identifying high-risk patients for interventions and a
diagnostic test is needed. Clinicians should consider prednisone for TB-IRIS prevention in …

Rationale: HIV–tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-
IRIS) is an immunopathological reaction to mycobacterial antigens induced by antiretroviral …

Increased access to combination antiretroviral therapy in areas co-endemic for tuberculosis
(TB) and HIV-1 infection is associated with an increased incidence of immune reconstitution …