Objective: To investigate whether peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) of back extensor
muscles changes excitability of the corticospinal pathway of the stimulated muscle and …

Introduction Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is widely used to investigate central
nervous system mechanisms underlying motor control. Despite thousands of TMS studies on …

[Purpose] Afferent input caused by electrical stimulation of a peripheral nerve or a muscle
modulates corticospinal excitability. However, a long duration of stimulation is required to …

The afferent volley generated during neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) can
increase the excitability of human corticospinal (CS) pathways to muscles of the leg and …

OBJECTIVE: Twitch interpolation using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has recently
been used to measure the level of drive from the motor cortex to contracting muscles of the …

Chipchase LS, Schabrun SM, Hodges PW. Corticospinal excitability is dependent on the
parameters of peripheral electric stimulation: a preliminary study. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate …

Different directions of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can activate different neuronal
circuits. Whereas posteroanterior current (PA-TMS) depolarizes mainly interneurons in …

Locomotion requires the continuous integration of descending motor commands and
sensory inputs from the legs by spinal central pattern generator circuits. Modulation of spinal …

Background In humans, corticospinal excitability is known to increase following motor
electrical stimulation (ES) designed to mimic a voluntary contraction. However, whether the …

Afferent input caused by electrical stimulation of a peripheral nerve increases corticospinal
excitability during voluntary contractions, indicating that proprioceptive sensory input arriving …