The immune system is the key target for vaccines and immunotherapeutic approaches
aimed at blunting infectious diseases, cancer, autoimmunity, and implant rejection …

Immunotherapy has emerged as an eminent and effective modality in the treatment of
cancer. However, current cancer immunotherapies lack spatial and temporal control …

Immunology research has focused on developing cancer vaccines to increase the number of
tumor-specific effector cells and their ability to fight cancer over the last few decades. There …

The immune system has remarkable capabilities to combat disease with exquisite selectivity.
This feature has enabled vaccines that provide protection for decades and, more recently …

Controlled modulation of immune response, especially the balance between
immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive responses, is critical for a variety of clinical …

Biomaterials employed to raise therapeutic immune responses have become a complex and
active field. Historically, vaccines have been developed primarily to fight infectious diseases …

Adaptive immune responses, characterized by T cells and B cells engaging and responding
to specific antigens, can be raised by biomaterials containing proteins, peptides, and other …

Vaccines aim to protect against or treat diseases through manipulation of the immune
response, promoting either immunity or tolerance. In the former case, vaccines generate …

Modulation of the immune system is an important therapeutic strategy in a wide range of
diseases, and is fundamental to the development of vaccines. However, optimally safe and …

Strategies to enhance, suppress, or qualitatively shape the immune response are of
importance for diverse biomedical applications, such as the development of new vaccines …