Angiotensin (Ang II) plays an important role in atherosclerosis through proinflammatory
effect. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) may mediate inflammatory response. It is unknown …

It has been previously shown that besides its classical role in blood pressure control the
renin–angiotensin system, mainly by action of angiotensin II on the AT1 receptor, exerts pro …

Objective Antigen-presenting cells such as monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) stimulate T-
cell proliferation and activation during adaptive immunity. This cellular interaction plays a …

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in controlling T helper 2 (Th2) cell-dependent
diseases, but the signaling mechanism that triggers this function is not fully understood. We …

Angiotensin II activates nuclear transcription factor-κB through AT 1 and AT 2 receptors.
Background Recent evidence suggests that angiotensin II (Ang II) induces a variety of …

Introduction: The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is an important regulator of the inflammatory
response. Angiotensin II (Ang II) activates the NF-κB pathway linked to renal inflammation …

Background: Adaptive immunity plays a critical role in atherosclerosis and hypertension. T
helper 17 (Th17) cells, as a new T-cell lineage, are involved in cardiovascular diseases …

Abstract Clinically, angiotensin II (Ang II) has been implicated in some forms of hypertension
and linked to vascular injury. Experimentally, chronic Ang II infusion leads to an increase in …

Vascular injury is an early manifestation leading to end-organ damage in hypertension
pathogenesis, which involves a macrophage-associated immune response. Dendritic cell …

The renin angiotensin system (RAS) participates in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular
diseases. Although angiotensin II has been considered the effector peptide of RAS …