Proxymetacaine and oxybuprocaine were clinically used for topical ocular anesthesia but
never for spinal anesthesia, and therefore spinal anesthetic effects of proxymetacaine and …

Though promazine and chlorpromazine elicited cutaneous anesthesia, no study of spinal
anesthesia with chlorpromazine and promazine has been reported. This study was to …

Background and Objectives: Lidocaine has been reported to be more neurotoxic than other
local anesthetics. Alternatives to lidocaine with lower toxicity and shorter duration of action …

The aim of this study evaluated the spinal anesthetic effect of verapamil and diltiazem. After
rats were injected intrathecally with verapamil and diltiazem, dose–response curves were …

Background: Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are commonly used orally for treating chronic
pain states, such as neuropathic pain. TCAs produce analgesia by various mechanisms …

BACKGROUND: Although proxymetacaine and oxybuprocaine produce topical ocular and
spinal anesthesia, they have never been tested as cutaneous anesthetics. We compared …

To prevent cardiovascular effects of peripherally administered propranolol, the aim of this
study was to evaluate the spinal anesthetic effect of propranolol, a Na±channel blocker. After …

Tri-cyclic antidepressants (TCAs) have been widely used in treating major depressive
disorders. Recent studies further demonstrated that TCAs have potent sodium channel …

Although the coadministration of lidocaine with propranolol interferes with the metabolic
profile (pharmacokinetics), its pharmacodynamics is still unclear. In this report, we …

Rat and mouse were utilized as models to study the spinal (subarachnoid) anaesthetic
effects of five commonly used local anaesthetic agents. Duration and frequency of motor and …