The hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid feedback control is a dynamic, adaptive system. In
situations of illness and deprivation of energy representing type 1 allostasis, the stress …

The long-held concept of a proportional negative feedback control between the thyroid and
pituitary glands requires reconsideration in the light of more recent studies. Homeostatic …

In thyroid health, the pituitary hormone thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) raises glandular
thyroid hormone production to a physiological level and enhances formation and conversion …

This paper provides the reader with an overview of our current knowledge of hypothalamic‐
pituitary‐thyroid feedback from a cybernetic standpoint. Over the past decades we have …

During the functional ontogenesis of the thyroid gland an increasing number of transcription
factors play fundamental roles in thyroid-cell differentiation, maintenance of the differentiated …

This chapter presents an analysis and a summarized synthesis of our present knowledge of
the biology of the thyroid gland, phylogeny, ontogeny, anatomy, structure, general …

Stress is a potential catalyst for thyroid dysregulation through cross-communication of the
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axes. Stress and …

The thyroid gland and its main product, thyroid hormone, play a very important role in human
physiology. As such, detailed knowledge of thyroid gland embryology, anatomy, and …

Background: We upgraded our recent feedback control system (FBCS) simulation model of
human thyroid hormone (TH) regulation to include explicit representation of hypothalamic …

The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland and the first endocrine structure to become
recognizable during development. It is formed of two cell types, the thyroid follicular cells or …