There is an increased need to develop female-specific injury criteria and anthropomorphic
test devices (dummies) for military and automotive environments, especially as women take …

Mathematical cervical spine models allow for studying of impact loading that can cause
whiplash associated disorders (WAD). However, existing models only cover the male …

Numerical finite element (FE) models of the neck have been developed to simulate occupant
response and predict injury during motor vehicle collisions. However, there is a paucity of …

Advanced computational human body models (HBM) enabling enhanced safety require
verification and validation at different levels or scales. Specifically, the motion segments …

Approximately 50% of women and 25% of men will have an osteoporosis-related fracture
after the age of 50, yet the micromechanical origin of these fractures remains unclear …

Computational musculoskeletal models have been developed to predict mechanical joint
loads on the human spine, such as the forces and moments applied to vertebral and facet …

Contemporary finite element (FE) neck models are developed in a neutral posture; however,
evaluation of injury risk for out-of-position impacts requires neck model repositioning to non …

Current understanding of the biomechanics of cervical spine injuries in head-first impact is
based on decades of epidemiology, mathematical models, and in vitro experimental studies …

Whiplash injuries continue to be a concern in low-speed rear impact. This study was
designed to investigate the role of variations in spine morphology and head inertia …

Clinically, spinal cord injuries (SCIs) are radiographically evaluated and diagnosed from
plain radiographs, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging. However …