Breathing automaticity and CO2 regulation are inseparable neural processes. The
retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), a group of glutamatergic neurons that express the …

The retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) is located in the rostral medulla oblongata close to the
ventral surface and consists of a bilateral cluster of glutamatergic neurons that are non …

The retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) contains 2,000 glutamatergic neurons that innervate
selectively the respiratory centers of the pontomedullary region. These cells are at the …

The ventral surface of the rostral medulla oblongata has been suspected since the 1960s to
harbor central respiratory chemoreceptors [ie, acid-activated neurons that regulate breathing …

The rat retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) contains about 2000 Phox2b-expressing glutamatergic
neurons (ccRTN neurons; 800 in mice) with a well-understood developmental lineage …

The retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) contains chemosensitive cells that distribute CO2-
dependent excitatory drive to the respiratory network. This drive facilitates the function of the …

The retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) regulates breathing in a CO2‐and state‐dependent
manner. RTN neurons are glutamatergic and innervate principally the respiratory pattern …

We discuss recent evidence which suggests that the principal central respiratory
chemoreceptors are located within the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) and that RTN neurons …

The rat retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) contains neurons described as central chemoreceptors
in the adult and respiratory rhythm-generating pacemakers in neonates [parafacial …

Breathing is regulated by a host of arousal and sleep-wake state-dependent
neuromodulators to maintain respiratory homeostasis. Modulators such as acetylcholine …