Background and objectives In many settings, partnered, invested fathers have lower
testosterone than single men or fathers who are not involved in caregiving. Reduced …

In species in which males care for young, testosterone (T) is often high during mating
periods but then declines to allow for caregiving of resulting offspring. This model may apply …

Introduction Previous cross-sectional and longitudinal studies reported a negative
correlation between fatherhood and testosterone (T) levels, likely due to a centrally …

Variation in testosterone (T) is thought to affect the allocation of effort between reproductive
and parenting strategies. Here, using a large sample of elderly American men (n= 754) and …

Most research shows that fatherhood is related to reduced testosterone (T) levels, but
relationships between the number of children and T levels are not addressed. In humans …

Across vertebrates, testosterone is an important mediator of reproductive trade-offs, shaping
how energy and time are devoted to parenting versus mating/competition. Based on early …

In this chapter, I survey testosterone (T) and diversity in adult human partnering, with
attention to considerations about diversity and how various empirical findings bear on …

Objective Cross‐culturally, men's T declines in response to pairbonding and fatherhood, but
less is known about what happens to T during and after life history transitions that …

Partnered adults tend to have lower risks of depression than do single individuals, while
parents are more commonly depressed than non-parents. Low testosterone men, and …

Lower testosterone levels in men are observationally associated with worse health, but it is
unclear whether they contribute to well-established social gradients in health. Mendelian …