In wild populations, individuals are regularly exposed to a wide range of pathogens. In this
context, organisms must elicit and regulate effective immune responses to protect their …

Ecoimmunology utilizes techniques from traditionally laboratory-based disciplines—for
example, immunology, genomics, proteomics, neuroendocrinology, and cell biology—to …

Ecoimmunologists aim to understand the costs, benefits, and net fitness consequences of
different strategies for immune defense. 2. Measuring the fitness consequences of immune …

The field of eco‐immunology seeks to address the causes and consequences of natural
variation in immune responses. Recently, the development of more immunological …

Ecoimmunologists have made many important discoveries about the immune systems of
wild animals including (1) immune activity is usually costly,(2) counter-intuitive decrements …

The extent to which organisms can protect themselves from disease depends on both the
immune defenses they maintain and the pathogens they face. At the same time, immune …

Ecoimmunology is an example of how fruitful integrative approaches to biology can be.
Since its emergence, ecoimmunology has sparked constructive debate on a wide range of …

Ecological immunology is a rapidly expanding field that examines the causes and
consequences of variation in immune function in the context of evolution and of ecology …

The two pillars of modern immunology have been man and mouse; in both settings,
investigators seek to reduce complexity and control environmental conditions. However, the …

Immune function is likely to be a critical determinant of an organism's fitness, yet most
natural animal and plant populations exhibit tremendous genetic variation for immune traits …