Dopamine projections from the midbrain to the striatum and frontal cortex are involved in
behavioral reactions controlled by rewards, as inferred from deficits in parkinsonism …

Abstract Schultz, Wolfram. Predictive reward signal of dopamine neurons. J. Neurophysiol.
80: 1–27, 1998. The effects of lesions, receptor blocking, electrical self-stimulation, and …

Dopamine projections from the midbrain to striatum and frontal cortex play a major role in
behavioral reactions controlled by rewards. Recent experiments have shown that dopamine …

Massive activation of dopamine neurons is critical for natural reward and drug abuse. In
contrast, the significance of their spontaneous activity remains elusive. In Drosophila …

Recent neurophysiological studies reveal that neurons in certain brain structures carry
specific signals about past and future rewards. Dopamine neurons display a short-latency …

1. We used single neuron recording techniques in two behaving monkeys to investigate the
conditions in which dopamine neurons respond to primary rewarding or potentially …

The hypothesis that dopamine is important for reward has been proposed in a number of
forms, each of which has been challenged. Normally, rewarding stimuli such as food, water …

Information related to rewards is processed by a limited number of brain structures. Recent
studies have demonstrated that dopamine neurons respond to appetitive events, such as …

Midbrain dopamine neurons respond to reward-predictive stimuli. In the natural environment
reward-predictive stimuli are often perceptually complicated. Thus, to discriminate one …

Background Previous lesion, electrical self-stimulation and drug addiction studies suggest
that the midbrain dopamine systems are parts of the reward system of the brain. This review …