Photoreceptor metabolic reprogramming provides survival advantage in acute stress while causing chronic degeneration

TJ Wubben, M Pawar, A Smith, K Toolan, H Hager… - Scientific reports, 2017 - nature.com
Photoreceptor death is the root cause of vision loss in many retinal disorders, and there is an
unmet need for neuroprotective modalities to improve photoreceptor survival. The …

Small molecule activation of metabolic enzyme pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme 2, PKM2, circumvents photoreceptor apoptosis

TJ Wubben, M Pawar, E Weh, A Smith… - Scientific reports, 2020 - nature.com
Photoreceptor cell death is the ultimate cause of vision loss in many retinal disorders, and
there is an unmet need for neuroprotective modalities to improve photoreceptor survival …

Metabolic alterations caused by simultaneous loss of hk2 and pkm2 leads to photoreceptor dysfunction and degeneration

E Weh, M Goswami, S Chaudhury, R Fernando… - Cells, 2023 - mdpi.com
HK2 and PKM2 are two main regulators of aerobic glycolysis. Photoreceptors (PRs) use
aerobic glycolysis to produce the biomass necessary for the daily renewal of their outer …

Pyruvate kinase M2 regulates photoreceptor structure, function, and viability

A Rajala, Y Wang, RS Brush, K Tsantilas… - Cell death & …, 2018 - nature.com
Abstract Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a glycolytic enzyme that is expressed in cancer cells.
Its role in tumor metabolism is not definitively established, but investigators have suggested …

Up-regulation of PKM2 relates to retinal ganglion cell apoptosis after light-induced retinal damage in adult rats

X Yang, H Chen, M Zhu, R Zhu, B Qin, H Fang… - Cellular and molecular …, 2015 - Springer
Pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2), a key glycolytic enzyme, which is involved in ATP
generation and pyruvate production, participates in tumor metabolism, growth, and other …

Hexokinase 2 is dispensable for photoreceptor development but is required for survival during aging and outer retinal stress

E Weh, Z Lutrzykowska, A Smith, H Hager… - Cell death & …, 2020 - nature.com
Photoreceptor death is the ultimate cause of vision loss in many retinal degenerative
conditions. Identifying novel therapeutic avenues for prolonging photoreceptor health and …

PKM2 ablation enhanced retinal function and survival in a preclinical model of retinitis pigmentosa

E Zhang, J Ryu, SR Levi, JK Oh, CW Hsu, X Cui… - Mammalian …, 2020 - Springer
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes irreversible vision
loss in over 1.5 million individuals world-wide. The genetic heterogeneity of RP necessitates …

Photoreceptor metabolic reprogramming: current understanding and therapeutic implications

WW Pan, TJ Wubben, CG Besirli - Communications biology, 2021 - nature.com
Acquired and inherited retinal disorders are responsible for vision loss in an increasing
proportion of individuals worldwide. Photoreceptor (PR) death is central to the vision loss …

Metabolic and non-metabolic roles of pyruvate kinase M2 isoform in diabetic retinopathy

A Rajala, K Soni, RVS Rajala - Scientific Reports, 2020 - nature.com
The main therapeutic goal for diabetic retinopathy (DR) is to prevent vision loss in patients
with diabetes mellitus. Identifying the visual complications at a preclinical juncture will offer …

Aerobic glycolysis in the retina: functional roles of pyruvate kinase isoforms

RVS Rajala - Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 2020 - frontiersin.org
One hundred years ago, Otto Heinrich Warburg observed that postmitotic retinal cells are the
highest oxygen-consuming cells in the body. He compared these cells to actively growing …