Lewis expresses concern by our recent article describing the effect of a prolonged antibiotic
protocol to treat persistent Chlamydophila pneumoniae (CPn) infection on the extracranial …

TORONTO—The theory that chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency, or CCSVI, could be
associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) remains largely unproven, doctors say. The …

Objective Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is a condition associated with
multiple sclerosis (MS). One mechanism that has been proposed is that the venous …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and debilitating neurological disease characterized by
multifocal areas of inflammation, demyelination and neurodegeneration within the brain and …

Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is a syndrome characterized by
stenosies of the internal jugular and/or azygous veins (IJVs-AZ) with opening of collaterals …

Abstract In 2008, Paulo Zamboni pioneered the 'liberation procedure'for treating multiple
sclerosis (MS), claiming that MS is caused by an abnormality of venous drainage which he …

Background: The extra-cranial venous system is complex and not well studied in
comparison to peripheral venous system. A newly proposed vascular condition, named …

The theory has been the subject of controversy ever since it was first proposed in 2009—that
a condition investigators referred to as chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) has traditionally been considered an autoimmune disorder—an
abnormal immune system attacking an otherwise healthy brain, spinal cord, or optic nerve …

Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease of the CNS.
Recently a controversial vascular hypothesis for MS, termed chronic cerebrospinal venous …