Persistent toxic substances including persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals have
been released in high quantities in surface waters by industrial activities. Their presence in …

Several municipal, industrial, and agricultural activities use and release heavy metals
containing wastewater into the environment. These mixtures of heavy metals pose various …

Rapid industrialization has led to the pollution of soil and water by various types of
contaminants. Heavy metals (HMs) are considered the most reactive toxic contaminants …

Heavy metals are hazardous and bring about critical exposure risks to humans and animals,
even at low concentrations. An assortment of approaches has been attempted to remove the …

The limited efficiency of conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in emerging
pollutants (EPs) removal encourages the development of alternative technologies for the …

In modern society, an increasing number of hazardous organic compounds are being
discharged into the environment. Most are degraded or detoxificated by physical, chemical …

Intense human activities have for years contributed to the pollution of the environment by
many dangerous pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides, or polycyclic aromatic …

Over the last decades, the production and consumption of pharmaceuticals and health care
products grew manifold, allowing an increase in life expectancy and a better life quality for …

Natural and human anthropogenic activities increase the concentration of the toxic pollutant
in the water environment; they could cause harmful effects even in their lower concentration …

Industrial wastewater creates major environmental trouble if released without proper
treatment. Large volumes of water contaminated with various industrial and anthropogenic …