Interleukin‐6, a multifunctional cytokine, contributes to tumor cell proliferation and
differentiation. However, the biological mechanisms that are affected by the expression of …

The insulin-like growth factor receptor I (IGF-IR) plays an essential role in transformation by
promoting cell growth and protecting cancer cells from apoptosis. Aberrant IGF-IR signaling …

OBJECTIVE To analyse bladder cancer biopsies and investigate the pattern of expression of
the type 1 insulin‐like growth factor receptor (IGF1R), a receptor tyrosine kinase that …

Background The relapse and metastasis of bladder cancer are due to its strong resistance to
chemotherapeutic drugs after surgery as a result of the expansion and self-renewal of …

Purpose. To validate microarray data on cytokeratin 13 (KRT13) and interleukin‐1 receptor
antagonist (IL1RN) expression in urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder (UCB) and to …

Objective: To investigate whether the previously reported association between IL-1α mRNA
levels and survival in urinary bladder cancer remains in an extended patient material and to …

Epidemiological studies indicate that women have a higher chance of developing muscle
invasive bladder cancer (BCa) than men, suggesting that estrogen and estrogen receptors …

The insulin growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R) belongs to insulin growth factor (IGF) pathway
and has been proposed as the tumor suppressor in many cancers. However, its role in …

Background Interleukin‐1 promotes tumor angiogenesis through VEGF production. The
interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist can suppress tumors by blocking this effect. Methods …

Current knowledge of the molecular mechanism driving tumor budding is limited. Here, we
focused on elucidating the detailed mechanism underlying tumor budding in urothelial …